the Art and Science of Online Media Exit Valuations

Homo expression, ordinarily influenced by civilisation

This commodity is about the group of creative disciplines. For the concept of art, run across Art. For other uses, run into Art (disambiguation).

"Arts" redirects here. For the acronym, see ARTS.

The arts are a very wide range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They comprehend multiple various and plural modes of thinking, doing and beingness, in an extremely wide range of media. Both highly dynamic and a characteristically constant feature of homo life, they have developed into innovative, stylized and sometimes intricate forms. This is frequently achieved through sustained and deliberate written report, grooming and/or theorizing within a particular tradition, across generations and even between civilizations. The arts are a vehicle through which man beings cultivate distinct social, cultural and individual identities, while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life and experiences across time and space.

Prominent examples of the arts include architecture, visual arts (including ceramics, cartoon, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpting), literary arts (including fiction, drama, poetry, and prose), performing arts (including trip the light fantastic, music, and theatre), textiles and fashion, folk art and handicraft, oral storytelling, conceptual and installation art, criticism, and culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking). They can employ skill and imagination to produce objects, performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new environments and spaces.

The arts tin can refer to common, popular or everyday practices as well as more sophisticated and systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-independent, or combine and interweave with other fine art forms, such as the combination of artwork with the written word in comics. They tin can also develop or contribute to some item aspect of a more complex fine art class, as in cinematography.

By definition, the arts themselves are open up to existence continually re-defined. The practise of modern art, for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its atmospheric condition of production, reception, and possibility tin can undergo.

Equally both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity, and equally ends in themselves, the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the globe, and a way that our responses, and what we deem worthwhile goals or pursuits, are transformed. From prehistoric cave paintings, to ancient and contemporary forms of ritual, to modern-twenty-four hours films, art has served to register, embody and preserve our e'er shifting relationships to each other and to the earth.

Definition

At that place are several possible meanings for the definitions of the terms Art and Arts.^[a] The first meaning of the word art is « mode of doing ».^[1] The nigh basic present meaning defines the arts equally specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans.^[2] The arts are likewise referred to every bit bringing together all creative and imaginative activities, without including science.^{[b] [3] [4]} In its most bones abstract definition, fine art is a documented expression of a sentient being through or on an attainable medium so that anyone tin view, hear or feel it. The deed itself of producing an expression can also be referred to as a certain art, or as art in general. Whether this solidified expression, or the act of producing it, is "skillful" or has value depends on those who access and rate it. Such public rating is dependent on various subjective factors. Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" as "painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, etc., considered every bit a group of activities done by people with skill and imagination."^[five] Similarly, the United states of america Congress, in the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Deed, defined "the arts" as follows:

The term "the arts" includes, just is not express to, music (instrumental and vocal), trip the light fantastic toe, drama, folk art, artistic writing, architecture and allied fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and arts and crafts arts, industrial blueprint, costume and fashion blueprint, movement pictures, television, radio, moving picture, video, record and sound recording, the arts related to the presentation, functioning, execution, and exhibition of such major fine art forms, all those traditional arts skilful by the various peoples of this country. (sic) and the written report and application of the arts to the human environment.^{[half dozen]}

Fine art is a global activity in which a large number of disciplines are included, such as: fine arts, liberal arts, visual arts, decorative arts, applied arts, design, crafts, performing arts,^[3] ... We are talking about "the arts" when several of them are mentioned: "As in all arts the enjoyment increases with the noesis of the art".^[7]

The arts can be divided into several areas, the fine arts which bring together, in the broad sense, all the arts whose aim is to produce truthful aesthetic pleasure,^[viii] decorative arts and applied arts which relate to an artful side in everyday life.^[9]

History

The earliest surviving course of whatever of the arts are cave paintings, possibly from lxx,000 BCE, merely definitely from at least 40,000 BCE.^[ten] The oldest known musical instrument, the purported Divje Babe Flute—made from a young cave deport femur—is dated to 43,000 and 82,000 BCE, just whether it is truly a musical musical instrument (or an object created past animals) remains extremely controversial.^[11] The earliest objects whose designations as musical instruments are widely accepted are eight bone flutes from the Swabian Jura, Germany; 3 of these from the Geissenklösterle are dated as the oldest, c.  43,150–39,370 BP.^[12] The earliest surviving literature appears much later; the Instructions of Shuruppak and Kesh temple hymn amongst other Sumerian cuneiform tablets, are thought to just be from 2600 BCE.^[13]

In Ancient Greece, all art and arts and crafts was referred to past the same word, techne. Thus, there was no distinction among the arts. Aboriginal Greek art brought the veneration of the animal class and the development of equivalent skills to prove musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (due east.g. Zeus' thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle Ages, the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical truths. Eastern art has generally worked in a manner akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the apparently colour of an object, such every bit basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that color brought nearly by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is ofttimes defined by an outline (a gimmicky equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for case, the fine art of Republic of india, Tibet and Japan. Religious Islamic art forbids iconography, and instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.

Classifications

In the Heart Ages, the Artes Liberales (liberal arts) were taught in universities as role of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammer, rhetoric, and logic,^[fourteen] and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.^[15] The Artes Mechanicae (consisting of vestiaria – tailoring and weaving; agricultura – agriculture; architectura – compages and masonry; militia and venatoria – warfare, hunting, military instruction, and the martial arts; mercatura – merchandise; coquinaria – cooking; and metallaria – blacksmithing and metallurgy)^{[16] [ not specific plenty to verify ]} were practised and developed in social club environments. The modernistic distinction between "artistic" and "not-artistic" skills did not develop until the Renaissance. In modern academia, the arts are usually grouped with or as a subset of the humanities. Some subjects in the humanities are history, linguistics, literature, theology, philosophy, and logic.

The arts take too been classified equally vii: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, performing and movie theatre. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music as the chief four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, trip the light fantastic toe is music expressed through movement, and vocal is music with literature and vox.^[17] Pic is sometimes called the "8th" and comics the "ninth art".^[18]

Visual arts

Architecture

Architecture is the art and scientific discipline of designing buildings and structures. The give-and-take compages comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "master builder, director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "chief" + τεκτων (tekton) "architect, carpenter".^[19] A wider definition would include the blueprint of the built environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban pattern, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and price for the architect, equally well as office and aesthetics for the user.

In mod usage, architecture is the fine art and discipline of creating, or inferring an implied or apparent programme of, a circuitous object or organisation. The term can be used to connote the unsaid architecture of abstract things such as music or mathematics, the apparent architecture of natural things, such as geological formations or the construction of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human being-made things such as software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in improver to buildings. In every usage, an architecture may be seen as a subjective mapping from a human perspective (that of the user in the instance of abstruse or physical artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or system, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. Planned architecture manipulates space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstruse elements in order to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes information technology from engineering science or engineering, which usually concentrate more than on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.

In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a hospital or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such every bit planning residential houses. Many architectural works may be seen as well as cultural and political symbols, or works of art. The role of the builder, though irresolute, has been primal to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly congenital environments in which people alive.

Ceramics

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such every bit pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine fine art, some are considered to exist decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also exist considered artefacts in archeology. Ceramic art tin be made by 1 person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to equally "fine art pottery." In a ane-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic technology usage, "ceramics" is the art and scientific discipline of making objects from inorganic, not-metallic materials by the action of heat. It excludes drinking glass and mosaic fabricated from glass tesserae.

Conceptual fine art

Conceptual art is art wherein the concept(due south) or idea(due south) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practice of thought-based art that ofttimes defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.^[20] Through its clan with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,^[21] its popular usage, particularly in the United Kingdom, developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Drawing

Drawing is a ways of making an prototype, using any of a broad variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which tin can simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in cartoon are line cartoon, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.^[22] Drawing tin can be used to create art used in cultural industries such every bit illustrations, comics and animation. Comics are often called the "ninth art" (le neuvième fine art) in Francophone scholarship, calculation to the traditional "Seven Arts".^[23]

Painting

Painting is a mode of creative expression, and tin can be done in numerous forms. Cartoon, gesture (equally in gestural painting), composition, narration (every bit in narrative art), or abstraction (equally in abstruse art), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.^[24] Paintings tin be naturalistic and representational (as in a nevertheless life or landscape painting), photographic, abstruse, narrative, symbolistic (equally in Symbolist art), emotive (equally in Expressionism), or political in nature (every bit in Artivism).

Modern painters have extended the practice considerably to include, for example, collage. Collage is non painting in the strict sense since it includes other materials. Some modern painters incorporate unlike materials such every bit sand, cement, straw, wood or strands of hair for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer.

Photography

Photography as an art class refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the artistic vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the chief focus of which is to annunciate products or services.

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in 3 dimensions. Information technology is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the add-on of material, every bit dirt), in rock, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials; but since modernism, shifts in sculptural procedure led to an about consummate freedom of materials and procedure. A wide diversity of materials may exist worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded, or cast.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the get-go sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary. The noun "literature" comes from the Latin discussion littera meaning "an private written grapheme (letter)." The term has generally come to identify a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poesy. In much, if not all of the world, the creative linguistic expression can be oral too, and include such genres as ballsy, fable, myth, carol, other forms of oral poetry, and equally folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are oft called the "ninth art" (le neuvième fine art) in Francophone scholarship.^[23]

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise trip the light fantastic toe, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other art forms in which a human functioning is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts where the product is an object that does not require a operation to be observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the production is performed over a period of fourth dimension. Products are broadly categorized equally beingness either repeatable (for example, by script or score) or improvised for each performance.^[25] Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are chosen performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are too supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers often adapt their appearance with tools such as costume and stage makeup.

Dance

Dance (from One-time French dancier, of unknown origin) generally refers to human movement either used equally a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting.^[26] Trip the light fantastic is also used to describe methods of not-verbal communication (see trunk language) between humans or animals (east.g. bee trip the light fantastic toe, mating dance), move in inanimate objects (east.grand. the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is chosen a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, artful, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such equally ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are trip the light fantastic toe disciplines while Martial arts "kata" are often compared to dances.

Music

Music is an fine art grade whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs tune and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The cosmos, operation, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in functioning) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Inside "the arts", music may be classified equally a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron (θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold"^[27]) is the branch of the performing arts concerned with interim out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech communication, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle – indeed, whatever ane or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms equally opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Multidisciplinary artistic works

Areas exist in which creative works incorporate multiple creative fields, such as picture show, opera and performance fine art. While opera is often categorized in the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a singular artistic experience. In a typical traditional opera, the entire work utilizes the following: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), acting (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his bike Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, just instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to as "Music Drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were equally important every bit the music. Classical ballet is another form which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance.

Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and artistic ways, such as performance fine art. Performance art is a performance over time which combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which tin be improvised. Performance fine art may be scripted, unscripted, random or carefully organized; even audition participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage'due south limerick Living Room Music composed in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, actually non-melodic objects, which can be found in a living room of a typical business firm, hence the title.

Other arts

There is no clear line betwixt fine art and culture. Cultural fields like gastronomy are sometimes considered every bit arts.^[28]

Practical arts

The applied arts are the awarding of design and decoration to everyday, functional, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.^[29] The applied arts includes fields such as industrial design, analogy, and commercial art.^[30] The term "applied art" is used in distinction to the fine arts, where the latter is divers equally arts that aims to produce objects which are cute or provide intellectual stimulation but have no principal everyday function. In exercise, the 2 oftentimes overlap.

Video games

A debate exists in the fine arts and video game cultures over whether video games can be counted every bit an fine art grade.^[31] Game designer Hideo Kojima professes that video games are a type of service, not an fine art grade, considering they are meant to entertain and endeavor to entertain every bit many people as possible, rather than being a unmarried creative vox (despite Kojima himself being considered a gaming auteur, and the mixed opinions his games typically receive). However, he acknowledged that since video games are made up of artistic elements (for example, the visuals), game designers could be considered museum curators – non creating creative pieces, only arranging them in a fashion that displays their artistry and sells tickets.

Within social sciences, cultural economists show how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity between video games and the arts.^[32]

In May 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its redefinition of what is considered a "work of fine art" when applying for a grant.^[33] In 2012, the Smithsonian American Art Museum presented an exhibit, The Art of the Video Game.^[34] Reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games vest in an art museum.

Arts criticism

• Architecture criticism
• Art criticism
• Dance criticism
• Motion picture criticism
• Music criticism
• Television criticism
• Theatre criticism
• Literary criticism

See also

• Arts in teaching
• The arts and politics

Notes

1. ^ The term Art comes from the Latin ars, artis.
2. ^ Historically, science has long been opposed to art, because fine art was characterised as a discipline that could non be learned (unlike science).

References

1. ^ Valéry 1935, p. 683.
2. ^ "Définition de l'fine art" [Definition of art] (in French). Éditions Larousse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Fine art Definition: Meaning, Nomenclature of Visual Arts". visual-arts-cork.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved vii June 2020.
4. ^ "The arts definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on xi July 2017. Retrieved vii June 2020.
5. ^ "Definition of The Arts past Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
6. ^ Van Military camp 2006.
7. ^ Hemingway 2003, p. 11.
8. ^ "Définition de Beaux-Arts" [Definition of Fine Arts] (in French). Bayard Presse. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The fine arts include painting, sculpture, certain graphic arts and compages. Music and verse are sometimes called fine art.
9. ^ "Définition de arts appliqués" [Definition of applied arts] (in French). Fifty'Internaute. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved eight June 2020. The applied arts bring together under one imprint all the activities that bring an aesthetic side to everyday life. These arts are skillful by designers, who are in charge of embellishing what surrounds the private.
10. ^ St. Fleur 2018, p. 10.
11. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 38–39.
12. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 42–43.
13. ^ Diedrich 2015, p. 1.
14. ^ Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991, p. 994.
15. ^ "Quadrivium". The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 – via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
16. ^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella's early fifth century work, The Matrimony of Philology and Mercury, one of the principal sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts
17. ^ Rowlands & Landauer 2001.
18. ^ Ryynänen, Max (2020). On the Philosophy of Key European Art: The History of an Establishment and Its Global Competitors. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 37. ISBN978-one-7936-3418-4.
19. ^ Harper 2016.
20. ^ LeWitt 1967, pp. 79–83.
21. ^ Huntsman 2015, p. 221.
22. ^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
23. ^ ^{a b} Miller 2007, p. 23.
24. ^ Perry 2014, p. 85.
25. ^ Honderich 2006.
26. ^ Fraleigh 1987, p. 3.
27. ^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "theater (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
28. ^ Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013.
29. ^ Chilvers 2004, p. 29.
30. ^ "Define Practical art at Lexicon.com". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved eight May 2018.
31. ^ Parker 2012, p. 42.
32. ^ Borowiecki & Prieto-Rodriguez 2013, pp. 239–258.
33. ^ Barber 2012.
34. ^ Parker 2012, p. 46.

Sources

• Chilvers, Ian (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Fine art (tertiary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0-19-860476-1.
• Fraleigh, Sondra Horton (1987). Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN978-0-8229-7170-2.
• Hemingway, Ernest (2003) [1932]. "1". Expiry in the Afternoon (1st Scribner trade pbk. ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN978-0-684-85922-four.
• Honderich, Ted (2006). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford University Printing. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-926479-7.
• Huntsman, Penny (28 September 2015). Thinking Most Art: A Thematic Guide to Art History. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley. ISBN978-1-118-90517-3.
• Miller, Ann (2007). Reading bande dessinée : critical approaches to French-language comic strip. ISBN978-1-84150-177-ii.
• Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Development, Archeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-nineteen-923408-0.
• Onions, Charles Talbut; Friedrichsen, George Washington Salisbury; Burchfield, Robert William (1991). The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: at The Clarendon Press. ISBN978-0-19-861112-7.
• LeWitt, Solomon (June 1967). "Paragraphs on Conceptual Fine art". Artforum. Vol. 5, no. 10. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
• Borowiecki, Karol J.; Prieto-Rodriguez, Juan (2013). "Video Games Playing: A substitute for cultural consumptions?". Periodical of Cultural Economic science. 39 (3): 239–258. CiteSeerX10.i.one.676.2381. doi:ten.1007/s10824-014-9229-y. S2CID 49572910.
• Diedrich, Cajus G. (1 April 2015). "'Neanderthal os flutes': simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave acquit cubs in European cave bear dens". Open up Science. ii (4): 140022. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240022D. doi:10.1098/rsos.140022. PMC4448875. PMID 26064624.
• Parker, Felan (12 December 2012). "An Art World for Artgames". Loading... 7 (11). ISSN 1923-2691. Archived from the original on 26 Dec 2016. Retrieved fourteen May 2017.
• Perry, Lincoln (Summertime 2014). "The Music of Painting". The American Scholar. 83 (3).
• Hairdresser, Bonnie (sixteen August 2012). "Professor Mary Flanagan Participates in White House Consortium". Darthmouth News. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved xiii May 2020.
• St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018). "Oldest Known Drawing by Human Hands Discovered in South African Cave". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved seven April 2020.
• Desai, Trex; DeSimone, Frank; Henig, Sarit (xx Dec 2013). "The New Face of French Gastronomy - Cognition@Wharton". knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved eight May 2018.
• "The Fine art of Video Games". SI.edu. Smithsonian American Fine art Museum. Archived from the original on ten January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• "Conceptual fine art". Tate Glossary. Archived from the original on twenty March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• "FY 2012 Arts in Media Guidelines". Endow.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on 13 Feb 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• Harper, Douglas (2016). "Origin and meaning of builder by Online Etymology Lexicon". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on nineteen March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
• Rowlands, Joseph; Landauer, Jeff (2001). "Esthetics". Importance of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2016.
• Van Camp, Julie (22 November 2006). "Congressional definition of "the arts"". PHIL 361I: Philosophy of Art. California State Academy, Long Beach. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
• Valéry, Paul (i November 1935). "Notion générale de l'art" [Full general concept of art] (PDF). Nouvelle Revue Française (in French). Vol. 24, no. 266. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. pp. 683–693. ISBN978-two-07-239508-vi. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved viii June 2020.

Farther reading

• Barron, Christina (29 April 2012). "Museum exhibit asks: Is it art if yous push 'beginning'?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
• Feynman, Richard (1985). QED: The Strange Theory of Low-cal and Thing . Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-02417-ii.
• Gibson, Ellie (24 January 2006). "Games aren't fine art, says Kojima". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved seven March 2015.
• Kennicott, Philip (18 March 2012). "The Fine art of Video Games". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

External links

• Media related to The arts at Wikimedia Eatables
• Topic Dictionaries at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
• Definition of Fine art by Lexico

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts

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